![]() Chitosan is a natural polymeric substance and an extensively studied material for bone tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial properties. Natural biomaterials often are biocompatible, biodegradable, and less toxic to cells, whereas synthetic biomaterials have excellent mechanical strength, uniform raw materials quality, and are abundant. Both natural and synthetic materials have been extensively studied for bone graft substitutes. Bone tissue engineering is the process of developing bone graft biomaterials with the combination of materials, growth factors, and cells. Therefore, to get all the three properties of bone graft substitutes, synthetic biomaterials are often mixed with growth factors and host-derived cells to increase bone formation. Cells and growth factors provide the osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties to bone graft substitutes. On the other hand, allograft and synthetic grafts are good in terms of osteoconductive properties however, osteoinductive and osteogenic properties are limited. Hence, the success rate of autograft techniques is always maximum. Autografts are considered the gold-standard bone graft substitute since it has all three properties previously mentioned. Bone grafts should have osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic properties to mimic the natural function of the bone. Autografts, allografts, and synthetic grafts are frequently utilized by clinicians to treat bone defects. Keywords: antibacterial activity biomimetic materials bone graft substitutes chitosan gold osteoinductive silverīone-related defects and diseases are a serious concern to the life of patients. In vitro and in vivo studies highlight the scientific findings of antibacterial activity, tissue integration, stiffness, mechanical strength, and degradation behaviour of composite materials for tissue engineering applications. The combination of materials helps in the expression of ideal bone formation genes of alkaline phosphatase, bone morphogenic protein, runt-related transcription factor-2, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin. To overcome this problem, researchers have tried several ways to develop different materials using chitosan-based nanocomposites of silver, copper, gold, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and biosilica. It is important that the material used for bone tissue repair is simultaneously osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic. Autografts are still considered the gold-standard method/material to treat bone-related issues with satisfactory outcomes. Autografts, allografts, and synthetic grafts are often utilized to repair and regenerate bone defects. Biomimetic materials for better bone graft substitutes are a thrust area of research among researchers and clinicians. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |